Newer techniques allow some heart procedures to be performed through smaller incisions; a method widely referred to as minimally invasive surgery. A prime example is aortic valve replacement which can be performed in many cases through a four inch incision in the upper chest.

Robotic techniques are being developed which may allow even smaller incisions to be used. These devices are currently first-generation technology and must be considered experimental at the current time. Advice from an experienced surgeon is vital when considering the alternatives.